5 :e Juli år 2023

Onsdag den 5:e juli år 2023

Today's name is: Laila, Ritva. Congratulations on your name day!

This is week: 27

Day of the year is: 186 of total 365 days.

Historical events this day: (from Wikipedia)

• 767 - One week after the Pope Paul I:'s death (June 28) becomes Constantine II appointed pope by his brother, Duke Stephen III and Constantine is subsequently counted as antipope.
• 1294 - After the papacy has stood empty for two years Pietro Angelerio is elected Pope and takes the name Celestine V. However, he abdicated after only five months in office, in December of the same year, when he feared that his duties as pope would have a negative impact on his pious and religious life. This will be the first time a pope voluntarily abdicates and also the only time it has happened, before Benedict XVI's abdication in 2013.
• 1568 - The day after the Swedish king Erik XIV has officially married his sweetheart Karin Månsdotter let him crown her Queen of Sweden. The fact that the king has his mistress crowned queen is one of the reasons why his half-brothers, the dukes Johan and Charles, a week later starts a rebellion against him and at the end of September has both him and Karin deposed. The deposed royal couple then live in captivity, first together and then apart, until Erik's death in 1577, after which Karin settles on Luxury royal court in Finland, where she lived until her death in 1612.
• 1687 - The English naturalist and mathematician Isaac Newton publishes the work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical principles of natural philosophy and briefly called Principia) in three parts, which is groundbreaking in the natural sciences. The work contains Newton's laws of motion (amongst the law of gravity) and the main features of classical mechanics and thus becomes the basis of several sciences for many centuries to come.
• 1809 – The French Army of 140,000–160,000 men embark, led by Emperor Napoleon I a battle against an equally strong Austrian army, led by Archduke Charles. The battle, which lasts until the following day and becomes known as the battle of Wagram becomes one of the bloodiest wonders The Napoleonic Wars, but also one of the most important, since a week later the French can force the Austrians into the Fifth Coalition War.
• 1811 - Venezuela declares its independence from Spain and this becomes the first colony in South America to declare independence from its European motherland. Venezuela has been practically independent since April 19 of the previous year, when the first republic was founded, but this will not be long-lasting, then civil war soon erupts and the republic falls the following year. As early as 1813, however, it was founded second republic, which lasts until 1814, when it falls to the Spanish reconquest attempts. The Spanish rule over Venezuela is finally over in 1819, when the country becomes part of Greater Colombia.
• 1904 – Viksäng church inaugurated in Västerås. It was originally built in 1912 as a soldiers' home at the Västmanland Regiment in the National Romantic style.
• 1932 – António de Oliveira Salazar, who has been finance minister in Portugal's dictatorial government since 1928, also takes over as the country's prime minister. Until 1940 he held both posts, but he remained a dictatorial prime minister until 1968. During his time in power, Portugal experienced political stability and after World War II a gross domestic product increase of 200 percent, however at the price of isolation and political suppression. In 1968, he almost falls into a coma after a fall and dies in 1970, after which the Portuguese dictatorship soon falls (1974).
• 1943 - German troops of over 900,000 men and nearly 3,000 tanks begin an offensive at 03:30 at the Russian city of Kursk, which lasts until July 23. The offensive goes down in history as the Battle of Kursk, which becomes known as the largest armored battle in world history, when on July 12 the Russians launch a counteroffensive in which they deploy over 1.9 million men and over 5,000 tanks. The battle becomes one of World War II's most decisive Soviet victories, as the German offensive on the eastern front is prevented and the Russians recapture territory along a 2,000 kilometer long front line.
• 1946 - The French fashion designer Jacques Heim introducing the modern the bikini, when in his beach shop in Cannes on the French Riviera he starts selling a two-piece swimsuit, which he calls "Atomen" and markets as "the world's smallest swimsuit". On the same day, the former car engineer takes the Bikini Atoll, where at the time high-profile nuclear test explosions are taking place, as Réard considers it to be "quite explosive".
• 1962 - Two days after motherland France has recognized colony of Algeria independence is proclaimed the independent republic Algeria, after seven and a half years War of Independence against France and after 132 years as a French colony. However, Algeria soon suffered from internal political struggles and through a coup d'état in 1965 the country became a dictatorship, which lasted until 1989.
• 1975 - The archipelago Cape Verde off the west coast of Africa becomes independent from Portugal^[3] after being a Portuguese colony for 519 years (since 1456). Initially, Cape Verde forms a union with Guinea-Bissau, which had become independent the year before, but in a coup d'état in 1980 the union was dissolved. During the 1980s Cape Verde was a dictatorship, but from 1990 a multi-party system was introduced in the country and it is now (2022) one of Africa's most stable democracies.
• 1980 - The Swedish tennis player Björn Borg wins his fifth victory in Wimbledon Championships, which will also be his last, after a long and protracted match against the American John McEnroe. Borg thus becomes the first male player to win the tournament five times in a row (1976–1980) under the modern rules introduced in 1922. After McEnroe defeated him the following year, Borg decides to take a break from tennis and ends his career in 1983.
• 1983 - Sacks with hashish starts floating ashore outside Gothenburg and within a week there will be no less than 900 kilograms. Despite investigations, the police do not manage to find out where the bags come from and no one is therefore convicted of possession or distribution of the drug.
• 1996 – Dolly the sheep is born on Dolly Parton (because the cell used in the cloning comes from a udder and one of the researchers in the process mentions that they could not think of any more suitable "udder" than Parton's), lives for six years, before she dies in 2003 of a lung disease .