30 :e Juli år 2023

Söndag den 30:e juli år 2023

Today's name is: Algot. Congratulations on your name day!

This is week: 30

Day of the year is: 211 of total 365 days.

Historical events this day: (from Wikipedia)

• 657 - Then Eugene I has died June 2 is elected Vitalianus to the Pope.^[3] During his pontificate, he continues the popes' attempts to reconcile with the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople and to try again to reconcile the Catholic and Orthodox churches, which, however, fails.
• 762 - The Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur founds a city on the Tigris River on the site of a Christian village. The city gets the name Baghdad (Arabic for "Abode of Justice") and six years later it becomes the Caliph's residence and thus the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The city soon became an important cultural, commercial and intellectual center in the Muslim world. During the High Middle Ages, the city with its 1.2 million inhabitants was the world's largest city, but never recovered from the Mongol conquest in 1258. When Iraq became independent in 1938, Baghdad became its capital and later regained some of its central role in Arab culture.
• 1419 - Seven council members in Prague are killed by the city's first defenestration, when it Hussite the insurgent Jan Žižka has them thrown out of a window in the Prague Town Hall, because they refuse to release some Hussite prisoners. The incident becomes the igniting spark the Hussite Wars, which erupts soon after and is the culmination of the popular dissatisfaction with the church after the reformer John House execution in 1415. The war lasts until 1436 and ends with the defeat of the Hussites.
• 1810 – An ancient Riksdag opens in Örebro, where the most important issue is choosing a new heir to the Swedish throne. The Danish prince Karl August, who had been elected the year before, had died two months earlier of a stroke and the current regent Charles XIII is old and childless. There are several candidates and most of them are determined to choose Karl August's brother Fredrik Christian. However, there are forces working for the French Marshal Jean Baptiste Bernadotte to be elected and on August 11 to become Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs Lars von Engeström convinced of the economic and military advantages of the marshal. Even the king, who has previously been against Bernadotte, changes his mind and on August 18 he is elected heir to the Swedish throne. As crown prince, he takes the more Swedish-sounding name Karl Johan, but never learns Swedish.
• 1912 - The Japanese Emperor Mutsuhito, who has been on the throne since 1867 and during this time saw Japan's transformation from a closed and feudal medieval society to a modern industrial nation, dies at the age of 59. He is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who becomes a rather unnoticed and unknown emperor (his rule lasts until his death in 1926). After having meningitis as a child, he has severely impaired health, both physically and mentally, and they therefore do what they can, so that the public will not see him in that condition, when the Japanese emperor is worshiped as an infallible god. As of 1919, he undertakes no more political assignments and his son Hirohito becomes a national superintendent.
• 1914 - Then Russia the day before has ordered partial mobilization against Austria Hungary sends Germany this day a note to Russia to suspend mobilization. The Russian mobilization has begun since Austria-Hungary on 28 July has gone to war against Serbia, with whom Russia is allied, and in order not to worry Germany, Russia mobilizes only against Austria-Hungary. However, this does not help and already on the same day Germany begins general mobilization. This in turn leads to general Russian mobilization the following day, which in turn leads to a German declaration of war against Russia.
• 1930 – Uruguay defeats Argentina with 4–2 in the final of this year's World Cup. As this is the first World Cup organized in this sport, Uruguay will thus become the first world champions in football ever. Uruguay has also hosted the championship, partly because the team is the reigning Olympic champion in football, partly because this year the country celebrates 100 years as an independent state. At the next football World Cup (1934), however, Uruguay does not participate at all, as they boycott the competition.
• 1932 – 1932 Summer Olympics inaugurated in Los Angeles by Vice President Charles Curtis.
• 1975 - The American union leader Jimmy Hoffa disappears without a trace outside the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. As his body is never found, several different theories arise as to what might have happened to him, but nothing has been proven. Before the disappearance, he himself said that he was going to meet two mafia members at the restaurant. Extensive investigations in the following years yield no results and it can be proven that the two mafia members were nowhere near the restaurant that day. In addition, they deny that they should have arranged a meeting with Hoffa. In 1982, he was declared dead in absentia on the same day and even today (2022) he is missing and the disappearance a mystery.
• 1980 - The archipelago Vanuatu in the southwest Pacific becomes independent from France and Great Britain, which for nearly 100 years have ruled it jointly, after they have conquered it from Spain, which then had ruled it since the beginning of the 17th century. The issue of independence has been pursued since the mid-1970s and it is achieved through the short-lived so-called Coconut War.
• 2003 - The last example of the traditional type of car model Volkswagen Type 1, whose characteristic feature is that it has the engine placed at the back and in Sweden has become known as the "Bubblan", is produced in Mexico. It has then been almost 70 years since the first copy was produced in Germany (1934) by order of Adolf Hitler, so that it would become a German "people's car". After the Second World War, production moved around to different countries, but was discontinued in Europe in 1978, after which it continued in Brazil and finally Mexico. By the time production ceases, a total of 21,529,464 examples of the model have been produced, the last of which is sent to Germany to be placed in Volkswagens museum in Wolfsburg.
• 2008 - The former Serbian politician Radovan Karadžić, who has been arrested on July 21, since 1995 he is suspected of war crimes under The Bosnian War, is handed over to the war crimes tribunal in The Hague in the Netherlands. The trial against him begins there the following day, but will last for over six years. On September 29, 2014, the final hearing begins and on March 24, 2016, he is sentenced to 40 years in prison for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.