29 :e Juli år 2023

Lördag den 29:e juli år 2023

Today's name is: Olof, Olle. Congratulations on your name day!

This is week: 30

Day of the year is: 210 of total 365 days.

Historical events this day: (from Wikipedia)

• 238 - The Roman emperors Pupienus and Balbinus, appointed by the Senate in April in an attempt to oust the tyrant Maximinus Thrax, are murdered by the praetorian guard. Instead, their only 13-year-old co-emperor is appointed Gordian III to new emperor. At the age of 13, he becomes the youngest emperor ever in the history of the common Roman Empire, but six years later he dies at the age of 19 under mysterious circumstances.
• 1014 - A force of around 20,000 Bulgarians will be under the emperor Samuel leadership defeated by a Byzantine force, led by Emperor Basil II, i the battle of Kleidion in present-day Bulgaria. The battle marks the culmination of the two emperors' nearly half-century-long struggle for power over Bulgaria, and although this battle does not end it First Bulgarian Empire After this, the Bulgarians are so weakened that Samuel's successors cannot resist further Byzantine advances and in 1018 the kingdom therefore falls, when it is conquered by the Byzantines. It then takes until 1185, before the Bulgarians become independent again.
• 1030 - The deposed Norwegian king Olav Haraldsson falls in the battle of Stiklestad in an attempt to regain the Norwegian throne. He has been deposed in 1028 by an alliance between the Danish king Cnut the Great and the Norwegian Ladejarl Håkon Eriksson and then moved to Gårdarike (now Russia). Since Håkon Eriksson has drowned in 1029, Olav sees his chance to regain the throne and heads to Norway via Sweden. His army meets King Knut's at Stiklestad in Verdal north of Nidaros (present-day Trondheim), where, as I said, he falls. When rumors began to circulate that he was a saint, he was canonized two years later by the bishop of Nidaros, which was confirmed by the Pope in 1164. With the name Olav the Holy, he became the first saint of the Nordic countries and one of the most popular. He is now regarded as Norway's national saint and in his memory the name Olav appears in various forms even today in the Nordic almanacs on July 29.
• 1806 - A fire breaks out in an apothecary's barn in Uddevalla in Bohuslän and with the help of oak trees the fire spreads to both sides of Bäveån and leads to the whole town burning down. During the reconstruction, the city (which is Sweden's fifth largest) receives several gifts from foreign cities, including London and St. Petersburg, and it is now being rebuilt according to a modern city plan with wide streets.
• 1899 - The International Peace Conference in The Hague in the Netherlands, which began on May 18, ends with the signing of the first four The Hague Conventions, which enter into force the following year. These become, together with Geneva Conventions, the first attempts to introduce international laws and rules for warfare (the Geneva Conventions deal with how prisoners of war should be treated). Through these are established Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, laws are introduced against certain actions in war (among other things, one may not kill soldiers who have surrendered, not attack undefended settlements, not force inhabitants of occupied countries into military service against their own country and not carry out collective punishment), rules are introduced for hospital ships and certain weapons are prohibited. The conventions are expanded to 13 at a second conference in 1907, but a third conference planned for 1914 does not take place due to the outbreak of the First World War.
• 1900 - The Italian King Umberto I is murdered by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci, while giving a speech in Monza. The king is detested in Italian left-wing circles, due to his conservative stance and even more among the anarchists. A contributing factor to the assassination is believed to be the so-called Victor Emmanuel III, who in principle remained king until the Italian monarchy was abolished in 1946.
• 1907 - The British Lieutenant General Sir Robert Baden-Powell begins preparations for a boys' camp on Brownsea Island outside Dorset, which is then held 1–9 August. This therefore counts as of the scout movement official founding, then Baden-Powell then that of the Second Boer War end 1902 had plans to train young boys as helpers in war. The subsequent camp is a great success and the scouting movement grows bigger and bigger over the years, so that today (2022) it is a worldwide movement (now also for girls). In 1909, the movement was introduced in Sweden by the gymnastics teacher Ebbe Lieberath.
• 1909 - The French aviation pioneer Georges Legagneux performs the first ascent with an airplane in Sweden, when he unofficially, without an audience, flies over the Gärdet in Stockholm. He has been engaged by The Swedish Motor Club for the purpose, as he has held air shows in Denmark earlier that month (actually a Danish aviator named Folmer Hansen have made the flights, but as his training in France has been delayed, Legagneux has been engaged, to be able to carry out the demonstrations on time). The plane was shipped to Stockholm in three large boxes and then assembled on site. On the way, the plane hits a post and is damaged, but is repaired by a carpenter in time for the official displays in front of audiences (including King Gustaf V) on August 2.
• 1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes party leader for National Socialist German Workers' Party. He becomes the third party leader since the founding of the party two years earlier, but he then remains party leader until his death in 1945. During the 1920s the party struggles as a marginalized extremist party, but in 1930 the party's mandate in the German Reichstag increases from 12 to 107 and it becomes a of Germany's largest parties. Since Hitler has taken power in Germany in 1933, he faces dictatorship and the Nazi Party (as it is abbreviated) becomes the only thing allowed. During the rest of the 1930s, Germany's prosperity increases under the party's leadership, while unwanted groups (including Jews) begin to be persecuted and deprived of more and more civil rights. 1939 Hitler begins WWII by Germany attacking Poland on September 1. When Germany is then defeated in 1945 sounds the Allied dissolve and ban the party – a ban that remains to this day.
• 1948 – 1948 Summer Olympics inaugurated in London by King George VI. It is the second time in the history of the modern Olympic Games that London is hosting.
• 1950 - The four-day massacre at No Gun Ri during The Korean War running out. Since July 26, US soldiers combined with a US airstrike have killed a large number of civilian South Korean refugees at a railway bridge near the village of No Gun Ri in central South Korea. The death toll is unknown, but estimates range from a few dozen to around 500. The massacre comes as Americans fear that North Korean infiltrators may have been hiding among the refugees, but it remains relatively unknown outside of Korea until 1999, when information about it comes to the world's attention. In 2001, the US Department of Defense conducts an investigation into the incident and concludes that it is "a tragic act of war and not intentional killing". The United States therefore rejects the demands of the survivors and survivors for an apology and compensation for the incident.
• 1955 - The Pentecostal pastor Levi Pethrus radio station IBRA Radio begins regular broadcasts from Tangier in Morocco in eight different languages. Already at the end of the 1940s, Pethrus had the idea of broadcasting advertising-financed radio in Sweden, but did not receive a broadcasting license and therefore broadcast so-called pirate radio from boats in the Baltic Sea. Land-based broadcasts now begin, which continue from Tangier until 1959. Broadcasts in Swedish cease completely in 1979, since community radio has been introduced in the country, but the company still exists today (2022), mainly with broadcasts focused on Africa and the Middle East.
• 1957 - Within of the United Nations frame is established International Atomic Energy Agency (English: International Atomic Energy Agency, abbreviated IAEA). The purpose is to have an international organization that monitors the development of atomic energy, then the construction of nuclear power plants, but also the US and Soviet arms race during Cold War, with, among other things, nuclear weapons, has been going on for a few years. Today (2022), most of the world's countries (with a few exceptions) are members and thus act in agreement on how nuclear power and nuclear weapons should be used and developed.
• 1981 - The British heir to the throne Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer getting married in Saint Paul's Cathedral in London in what will go down in history as "Harry"), but in the early 1990s the marriage begins to crack at the joints. The couple separate in 1992 and officially divorce in 1996 – the following year, Princess Diana (popularly known as "Lady Di") dies in a car accident in Paris.
• 2006 – The Montreal Declaration on human rights for LGBT and intersex people is adopted.
• World Water Polo Championships.